[Reading Science] Geoengineering Research and Discussions Gaining Momentum in Korea

Step-by-step Foundation Building for Geoengineering Research
From Basic Modeling to Korea-Specific Analyses and Social Consensus

Although there have been no cases in South Korea of directly experimenting with or commercializing geoengineering technologies, related research and discussions are gradually expanding. The field is building its foundation step by step, progressing from initial basic modeling to Korea-specific analyses, and further to exploring social and policy solutions.

Professor Kim Jinsu of the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) conducted research analyzing the climate effects of stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) using multiple models. Rather than being a full-scale empirical study, this work is significant as a basic modeling study aimed at preemptively assessing the possibilities and risks of geoengineering. Professor Kim emphasized the need for a cautious approach from the earliest stages, noting, "While temperature suppression effects may appear in the short term, side effects such as changes in precipitation patterns cannot be ruled out."

The research team at the Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST) developed its own "Earth System Model" in 2019 and attempted climate forecasting for the Korean Peninsula and surrounding seas. The results indicated that the Korean Peninsula could experience more severe impacts from climate change than the global average. This is significant as it means Korea has established a basis for concrete impact assessment through region-specific modeling.

Discussions at the societal level are also becoming more active. The Science, Technology, and Society (STS) and Environmental Policy Lab at Korea University pointed out in a 2023 paper that geoengineering is closely linked to issues of environmental justice. The study raised concerns that technologies led by developed countries could place disproportionate burdens on vulnerable nations and populations, and Korea is seeking ways to ensure the equitable distribution of the benefits of technological solutions.

Professor Park Jinhee of Dongguk University, in her book "Social Challenges of Climate Change and Energy Transition" (2020), pointed out that "climate response is not limited to technological issues but is also intertwined with regional economies, jobs, and social consensus." This perspective extends to geoengineering, emphasizing the need for social consensus and institutional design in its application.

Experts note that as major countries such as the United States reduce their climate-related budgets and research is delayed, South Korea could have an opportunity to lead international discussions by investing proactively in research and development. In particular, if Korea strengthens its AI and IT-based climate modeling capabilities, it could achieve differentiated research outcomes unique to the country.

Professor Kim Jinsu stated, "Although empirical research is still lacking, if we build the foundation step by step from now, South Korea can secure climate leadership in the international community," adding, "Considering the vulnerability of the Korean Peninsula, we cannot afford to postpone geoengineering research."