This Protrusion on the Gums 'Periodontal Abscess' ... Caused by Accumulated Fatigue

Periodontal abscess, commonly referred to as a gum pus pocket, is a condition where bacteria in the oral cavity trigger an inflammatory response due to various stimuli, resulting in purulent inflammation within the periodontal tissues.

Gum pain. [Image source=Clipart Korea]

Periodontal tissues surround the teeth and consist of the gingiva (gums), cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. These tissues physically support the teeth and detect tooth movement. They also supply the necessary blood flow to the teeth.

Various periodontal diseases, including periodontal abscesses, are major causes of tooth loss and are also associated with diseases such as diabetes and heart disease, requiring special attention.

The causes of periodontal abscesses are diverse. The most significant cause is when, as in the case of Mr. A, accumulated fatigue lowers immunity, making it difficult to properly respond to bacterial invasion from outside. Periodontal abscesses can also occur when the periodontal pocket, the space between the tooth and gum, narrows due to swelling and inflammation, preventing proper drainage of inflammatory secretions, or when dental trauma occurs due to tartar, prosthetics, or orthodontics.

Diagnosis can be made visually. The most prominent feature is a balloon-like swelling. Pain tends to spread around the periodontal abscess and worsens when touched. In severe cases, pus may discharge between the gums and teeth, and the teeth may become loose. Although rare, systemic symptoms such as fever and weakness may appear. Radiographic examination may be performed to check for problems with the alveolar bone.

Treatment for periodontal abscesses varies depending on the progression and may include scaling, medication, and periodontal therapy, with periodontal surgery required in severe cases. Scaling thoroughly removes bacterial plaque and tartar to prevent bacterial proliferation in the oral cavity. Surgery involves incising the gums to remove internal bacterial tartar and, if necessary, trimming lost gum bone or grafting artificial bone.

Dr. Jihyun Jang, head of the Dental Center at Daedong Hospital, stated, “If a periodontal abscess is left untreated, the inflammation persists, gradually causing loss of the alveolar bone, leading to tooth loosening and, in severe cases, tooth loss. Therefore, if any unusual conditions occur in the gums or oral cavity, do not take them lightly and visit a dental clinic for appropriate treatment.”

To prevent periodontal abscesses, maintaining oral hygiene through proper tooth brushing is fundamental, including thoroughly cleaning the tongue to remove tongue coating. Regular oral examinations and scaling should be conducted to monitor the condition of the teeth. For those with diabetes, who are more prone to oral and periodontal diseases than others, careful management is essential.