[100-Year Brain Health①] No Fundamental Cure, Prevention Is Key... Dementia Q&A

Dementia Dictionary A to Z
Central Dementia Center Emphasizes 3 Rights, 3 Prohibitions, and 3 Actions
Consistent Testing from Early Stage Essential for Diagnosis

[Asia Economy Reporter Lee Gwan-ju] As the fear of dementia is great, there are also many misunderstandings and prejudices. Some think dementia is an incurable disease, and scientifically unverified methods are sometimes introduced as dementia prevention measures. Knowing accurate information about dementia can reduce these fears. Based on the “Dementia Dictionary” from the National Medical Center’s Central Dementia Center, we have summarized the main questions.

- Is severe forgetfulness dementia?

▲ Temporary forgetfulness does not indicate pathological cognitive decline. Forgetfulness can occur when the brain does not get enough rest due to reduced sleep time, severe stress, overwork, or exposure to excessive external stimuli. However, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is different. MCI is identified when significant decline is observed in objective cognitive function tests, and in this case, the probability of progressing to dementia is higher than in the general population. It is important to distinguish early whether the cognitive decline felt by the individual or caregiver is at the level of forgetfulness or at the stage of mild cognitive impairment.

- What is the difference between Alzheimer’s and dementia?

▲ Alzheimer’s is a degenerative brain disease and a representative ‘cause’ of dementia. Dementia is not a specific disease name but a ‘syndrome’ consisting of various symptoms related to cognitive decline.

- How is dementia diagnosed?

▲ The starting point is an interview with a doctor. If symptoms or changes are confirmed through the interview, physical examination, neurological examination, and mental status examination are conducted. Neurocognitive function tests and imaging tests such as MRI and CT are also performed. Since cognitive decline due to degenerative brain diseases occurs gradually over a long period, consistent testing from the early stages is necessary for an accurate diagnosis.

- Is dementia prevention possible?

▲ Prevention is most important for dementia. The Central Dementia Center emphasizes the ‘3 권 (encourage/enjoy), 3 금 (forbid/avoid), 3 행 (act/take care).’ This means enjoying proper exercise, diet, and reading; avoiding alcohol, smoking, and brain injury; and taking care of health checkups, communication, and early dementia screening. Even simple lifestyle changes can reduce the risk of developing dementia.

- How is dementia treated?

▲ There is currently no fundamental cure for dementia. However, since it is a long-term progressive disease, managing symptoms to prevent worsening is possible. Through various treatment methods including medication, exercise therapy, and cognitive training therapy, the progression of symptoms can be slowed, and the suffering experienced by patients and caregivers can be alleviated.

- Should dementia patients be informed of their diagnosis?

▲ The right of dementia patients to know their condition should be respected. If dementia is explained sufficiently, patients can understand not only their mental issues but also physical illnesses and make plans in advance. If the patient denies the dementia and struggles, rather than detailed explanations, it is better to observe the patient’s reactions and provide support. It is good to clearly assure them that their family will help, so they feel secure and gradually come to understand their condition.