Effective in Reducing Female Metabolic Syndrome
Inflammation Reduction Also More Beneficial for Women
A study has found that adult women who drink 2 to 3 cups of black coffee a day can reduce their risk of developing metabolic syndrome?which can lead to hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia?by 34%.
The research was conducted by Professor Je Yu-jin’s team from the Department of Food and Nutrition at Kyung Hee University. They analyzed the relationship between coffee consumption and metabolic syndrome in 14,631 adults aged 19 to 64 who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2016 to 2021. The findings were published in the recent issue of the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (EJCN).
The team analyzed diets including the types and amounts of coffee consumed daily. Participants were divided into four groups: those who did not drink coffee, those who drank less than one cup per day, those who drank 2 to 3 cups per day, and those who drank more than 3 cups per day. The risk of metabolic syndrome was compared across these groups. Women who drank 2 to 3 cups of black coffee daily had a 34% lower risk of metabolic syndrome compared to women who did not drink coffee at all.
Women who consumed up to 3 cups of black coffee daily showed increased levels of blood 'high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol,' which is beneficial for vascular health. Conversely, their blood 'triglyceride' levels, which are harmful to vascular health, were reduced. In contrast, no significant association between coffee consumption and metabolic syndrome was observed in men.
The research team explained, "The conclusion of this study is that adult women who drink about 2 to 3 cups of black coffee daily have a reduced risk of metabolic syndrome. This is because coffee positively affects HDL cholesterol and triglycerides."
The team also previously reported that drinking 2 to 3 cups of black coffee daily can significantly help reduce inflammation in the body. The group consuming 2 to 3 cups daily had a 17% lower likelihood of elevated CRP levels compared to the non-consumption group. CRP (C-reactive protein) is a substance produced by the liver when acute inflammation or tissue damage occurs in the body, leading to increased blood concentration. It rises earlier than other infection symptoms such as pain or fever and serves as an indicator of inflammation. The association between coffee intake and CRP also varied by gender, with coffee consumption being more effective in lowering CRP levels in women.
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