[Reading Science] Saving Endangered Rare Parrots with Genetic Mapping

New Zealand Research Team Completes Genome Sequencing of Kakapo Parrot
Famous as the Largest Flightless Parrot in the World
Threatened by Habitat Invasion from Rats, Cats, and Humans
Systematic Breeding Strategies Enabled by Genetic Map Completion

Scientists have recently completed the genetic map of the rare endangered parrot Kakapo, signaling a positive outlook for its conservation. Through genome analysis, it has become easier to prevent and treat various diseases and to establish effective breeding strategies by enhancing genetic diversity.

Endangered Kakapo parrot. Photo by Kakapo Conservation Plan website.

A research team from the University of Otago in New Zealand published a paper on this topic in the international journal Nature on the 28th (local time). The Kakapo (scientific name Strigops habroptila), the largest parrot species in the world, is an endangered species with a total population of only about 250 individuals. It lives on New Zealand’s islands, has a round body and large size, and its feathers resemble those of an owl, earning it the nickname "owl parrot." However, its wings are small and weak, so it cannot fly. As a result, it is threatened by predators such as rats and cats introduced from outside. New Zealand citizens have shown great affection by naming each individual and striving to revive the species. However, inbreeding has become common, causing various genetic diseases and the spread of Aspergillus fungal infections, making conservation efforts difficult.

The research team completed genome sequencing and mapping of a total of 169 Kakapos, collected both previously and newly. Considering that the total number of Kakapos currently surviving in New Zealand is only 252, this number effectively represents nearly the entire population. Using the data obtained from this genome analysis, the team plans to understand the genetic diversity of the entire Kakapo species. In particular, they aim to identify DNA sequences that may affect the survival of Kakapos, such as growth in young individuals and diseases.

Peter Dearden, a biochemistry professor at the University of Otago, said, "We have succeeded in identifying genetic variations related to observed traits such as growth, and can now predict how these traits affect offspring," adding, "This allows us to identify challenges for Kakapo breeding earlier and prioritize veterinary treatments." He further explained, "The genetic data obtained from the entire population can help identify risk factors for each individual and provide customized treatments for each parrot."

Scientists view this as an example highlighting the importance of genetic analysis research for endangered flora and fauna. Rebecca Taylor, a conservation genetics researcher at Environment and Climate Change Canada, said, "Until now, most endangered species protection programs have focused on minimizing inbreeding. However, for critically endangered species with very small remaining populations, if health traits such as disease susceptibility and fertility can be identified through genetic mapping and integrated into breeding programs, it will definitely help improve the species’ chances of survival in the future."