[Health Tip] Good Posture at Ten for a Healthy Spine at Eighty... How to Protect Pediatric and Adolescent Spinal Health

The representative musculoskeletal disorder to watch out for during childhood and adolescence is spinal disease. According to data from the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service, as of 2021, among a total of 94,845 patients treated for scoliosis, teenagers accounted for the largest number with 39,482 (41.6%). In particular, females numbered 25,362, about twice as many as males (14,120).

The cause of scoliosis is generally unclear. Genetic factors, hormonal influences, and lifestyle habits are suspected causes. This idiopathic scoliosis does not cause pain, so symptoms often go unnoticed; however, during adolescence, when growth is rapid, neglecting it can worsen the symptoms. Typically, girls experience rapid growth around ages 11 to 13 with the onset of menarche, and boys around ages 12 to 14, so it is best to detect and prevent it before this period.

Dr. Heo Yeon, a neurosurgeon at H Plus Yangji Hospital, stated, "Spinal diseases are generally perceived to occur mainly in middle-aged and older adults, but scoliosis and forward head posture syndrome are also common in children and adolescents. If left untreated, symptoms can worsen during growth and affect academic performance and daily life." He emphasized, "Prevention through proper lifestyle habits and early treatment upon symptom onset are essential."

A simple method to check spinal condition at home is the forward bending test. When standing straight with arms hanging down and bending forward at the waist, if one side of the torso appears higher or the shoulders are uneven, or if one shoe heel wears out faster, scoliosis may be suspected.

Heoyeon, Neurosurgery Specialist at H Plus Yangji Hospital. [Photo by H Plus Yangji Hospital]

"Forward head posture syndrome" is also a condition that children commonly experience. Children accustomed to using digital devices such as smartphones, tablets, and laptops tend to cling to their smartphones even during breaks, meals, travel, and even in the bathroom. Such habits can lead to forward head posture syndrome. Especially young elementary school students who carry bags heavier than their bodies tend to tilt their heads and shoulders forward. Repeatedly experiencing this during growth can lead to forward head posture syndrome, so caution is necessary. If bag straps are too long or unevenly placed on one shoulder, spinal disorders can also develop, so frequent checks are needed.

Dr. Heo advised, "Musculoskeletal pain caused by poor posture and habits can usually be resolved in the early stages with physical therapy, manual therapy, and lifestyle improvements. However, if forward head posture is neglected, increased pressure inside the discs can lead to cervical disc herniation, so consulting a specialist and receiving treatment is essential."

Proper posture in daily life is crucial for spinal health. Computer monitors should be raised to eye level as much as possible, smartphones should not be viewed with the head bent down, and lying face down while using devices should be avoided. When studying, one should avoid crossing legs and always maintain a straight back. It is recommended to stand up and stretch the neck and shoulders for about 10 minutes every hour. Children's posture is influenced by the home environment and parents. It is best to avoid floor sitting as much as possible, and when sitting on sofas or chairs, maintaining a proper posture with the back straight is necessary.